| TERM ABBREVIATION | EXPLANATION |
| A | |
| A.A.R | Abbreviation for “Association of American Railroads.” American Railroad Association. |
| A.A.R: | Against all risks |
| A.C.S. | Abbreviation for “Automated Commercial Systems.” U.S. Customs’ EDI BILGE system. |
| A.I.D | Abbreviation for “Agency for International Development.” U.S. Agency for International Development. An organization that organizes U.S. government aid to countries affected by extraordinary events, especially war, civil war, epidemics, famine, etc. |
| A.M.: | Ante meridiem (before noon) |
| A.T.A | Abbreviation for “American Truckers Association.”American Truckers Association. |
| A/A | Always afloat |
| YEAR | Abbreviation for “Against All Risks”. Used for the “All Risks Included” clause in insurance policies. |
| ABAFT | For ships, towards the stern, at the stern, at the stern. A place between the stern and the middle of the ship. |
| ABANDON | The shipper or the consignee abandons or abandons the goods. |
| ABATEMENT | Discount allowed on the invoice in case of damage to the goods or pricing above the tariff. |
| ABI | Abbreviation for “Automated Broker Interface.” The EDI system through which agents in the U.S. Customs process import transactions. |
| ABOARD | Placing the load on the transport vehicle, the load being on the vehicle. |
| ABSORPTION | A carrier’s assumption of another carrier’s expenses without reflecting them on the shipper/shipper. |
| ACCEPTANCE | A deferred draft or payment check that the drawer/payer accepts and is unconditionally obliged to pay when due. Roughly, it is an agreement to purchase goods under specified conditions. |
| ACCESSORIAL CHARGES | Costs added to the basic tariff, such as rental of transport containers, exchange rates and delivery costs. |
| ACQUIESCENCE | A statement that if a bill of lading is accepted or signed by the shipper/shipper without protest, the shipper will be deemed to have accepted the terms of the agreement by remaining silent. |
| ACQUITTANCE | Document showing that you waive any claims on the cargo. |
| ACT OF GOD | Natural disaster. |
| TO THE VALUE | Latin term meaning “According to Value”, mostly used in tax systems. |
| ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE | “Administrative Judge” in the USA |
| ADMIRALITY | “Admiralty Court” in the USA. Admiralty Command in England. |
| ADVANCE | 1. Advance payment in advance 2. Carrying a ship that has been booked before and will depart in a short time. |
| ADVANCED CHARGES | The transportation fee transferred from one carrier to another and ultimately collected from the shipper/shipper or consignee/consignee. |
| ADVENTURE | Loading at the shipper’s/shipper’s own risk. |
| ADVICE OF SHIPMENT | Loading instruction. A note sent by the domestic or foreign recipient regarding the packaging of the cargo, route determination, etc. A copy of the invoice and, if requested, a copy of the bill of lading are attached to this instruction. |
| ADVISING BANK | The bank that initiates the credit relationship in the name and account of the merchant in a commercial transaction. |
| AFFREIGHTMENT, CONTRACT OF | Cargo space reservation contract. A contract under which a shipping carrier guarantees to provide cargo space on its ship to an exporter or importer at a specified time and at a specified rate. |
| AFT | The rear part of vehicles such as ships and aircraft. |
| AGENCY TARIFF | Agency Tariff. A tariff published by an agency on behalf of several carriers. |
| AGENT | Agent. A person or institution authorized to make contracts and act on behalf of another person or a firm based on a contract or power of attorney. |
| AGGREGATE SHIPMENT | Bringing together and consolidating cargo from different sellers to be sent to a single buyer/consignee and transporting it as a single load. |
| AGREED WEIHGT | The weight or tonnage of the cargo agreed upon between the carrier and the shipper. |
| AIRWAY BILL | Air Waybill. A non-negotiable document of transport drawn up between the shipper and the air carrier. |
| AİR CONSİGNMENT NOTE: | Air waybill |
| AİRPORT OF ARRİVAL: | Arrival airport |
| AİRPORT OF DEPARTURE | Departure airport |
| AİRWAY BİLL: | Air waybill |
| ALL IN | All-inclusive price. An agreement covering all expenses from departure to arrival. |
| ALONGSIDE | Goods delivered with the registration “Alongside” are placed on the side of the ship in a manner suitable for loading at the port. |
| ALTERNATIVE RATES | Alternative freights. |
| ALWAYS SAFELY AFLOAT: | Always floating |
| AMBIENT TEMPERATURE | Ambient temperature.For a container, the ambient temperature is the atmospheric temperature. |
| AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING | The United States Bureau of Shipping is the agency that certifies the navigability of American ships. |
| AMOUNTS: | Sum |
| AMS | Abbreviation for “Automated Manifest System.” U.S. Customs’ “Automated Summary Manifest System.” |
| ANTI-DUMPING DUTY | Anti-dumping duty. A tax imposed to discourage the sale of imported goods and encourage the substitution of these goods for domestic goods. |
| ANY QUANTITY (A.Q.) | A statement indicating that the specified freight will be applied regardless of the quantity of goods. |
| APPARENT GOOD ORDER | Determination that the goods are not damaged in external inspection. |
| APPRAISEMENT | Determination of the customs value of goods. Determination of the taxable value of imported goods by customs authorities. |
| APPRAISER’S STORES | Customs warehouse where samples are taken, examined and measured to determine the customs value of imported goods. |
| APPROX.: | Approximetally (more or less, approximately) |
| ARBITRARY | To impose an arbitrary, discretionary price on top of a fixed price. |
| ARR: | Arrival (arrival time) |
| ARRIVAL NOTICE | Arrival Notice. A note sent by the carrier to the consignee/consignee or his agent when the goods arrive at the point specified in the bill of lading. |
| ASC X12 | Abbreviation for “American Standards Committee x12”. American Standards Committee. The organization responsible for setting standards for electronic data interchange in the United States. |
| ASSIGNMENT | Assignment of a bill of lading or negotiable instrument. Transfer of a negotiable instrument for the establishment of ownership or other rights. Endorsement in promissory notes (bills of lading); a written declaration of transfer in registered promissory notes. |
| ASTERN | Turret. |
| ATA CARNET ATA CARNET. | A term created by combining the French expressions “Admission Temporaire” and English “Temporary Admission”. A document issued by the relevant chambers of commerce that allows duty-free entry and exit of fairs, exhibitions, commercial samples and professional equipment into the territory of the country that accepts the system for a certain period of time. |
| MINUTES | Actual Time of Arrival |
| ATB | Actual Time of Berth |
| ATS | Actual Time of Sailing |
| ATDNSHINC | Abbreviation for “Any Time, Daytime; Night, Sundays and Holidays Included.” Anytime, daytime, nighttime, Sundays and holidays included. |
| ATWARTSHIPS | The transverse direction of a ship’s sail. |
| AVOIRDUPOIS POUNDS | A unit of load weight equal to 0.4535924277 kilograms |
| AWWL | Acronym for “Always Within Institute Warranties Limits.” Insurance term meaning “Always Within Institute Warranties Limits.” |
| B | |
| B.S.: | Bottom stowed |
| B.S.T.: | British summer time |
| B/L | Abbreviation for “Bill of Lading”. Bill of Lading. Bills of lading may have names such as “Negotiable/Straight (Non-Negotiable)”, “Clean/Dirty (Unclean)”, “Master/House”, “Services/Express”, “Received/Open/Shipped”, in parallel with the conditions written on them. Bill of lading types: 1. “Ocean/Marine B/L”: It is the bill of lading that includes port-to-port transportation and is signed by the carrier, captain or agent. It does not include domestic transportation such as land, rail, etc. 2. “Combined B/L”: It is the type of bill of lading issued when the cargo is to be transported by a combination of land, sea and air. 3. “Through B/L”: It is the bill of lading issued when the cargo is to be transported by more than one marine vessel. |
| B/L: | Bill of lading (Konşimento) |
| BACK HAUL | Return.Return load. |
| BAF | Abbreviation for “Bunker Adjusment Factor”. Fuel Adjustment Factor. Used to protect shipping line operators from fluctuating fuel prices. Also known as “FAF-Fuel Adjusment Factor”. Fuel Adjustment Ratio. |
| BALLOON FREIGHT | Light and bulky load. |
| BANK GUARANTIEE | Bank guarantee. The guarantee given by the bank to the carrier in case the original bill of lading is lost or misplaced. |
| BARGE CARRIERS | Barge carrier. A vessel designed to carry barges. |
| BARRATRY | The term used for illegal behaviors or corruption committed by the ship captain or other ship management without the consent and intentions of the ship owner. Negligence and other corruption that will cause damage are also included in this scope. |
| BARREL (BBL) | Barrel. A container capable of holding 42 gallons of liquid at 60′ F. |
| BASE RATE | Main freight. The transportation fee determined in the basic tariff excluding additional charges. |
| BB | 1. Abbreviation for “Ballast Bonus”. A fee charged to cover the cost of empty sailing when the ship has a distance and cost of empty sailing between the discharge port of the previous voyage and the loading port of the next voyage that is not considered insignificant in the main freight calculation. 2. Abbreviation for “Bare Boat”. Bareboat chartering. 3. Abbreviation for “Bar-Bound”. A “River Plate” health condition in the grain trade. |
| BCO | Abbreviation for “Beneficial Cargo Owner.” The person who receives the goods at the destination, who is not acting as a third party in the transportation of the goods, and who is stated in the records as the importer. |
| BEAM | The width of the ship. |
| BELT LINE | Interchange rail system serving the commercial area. |
| BENEFICIARY | Beneficiary. The person or firm authorized to receive payment. |
| BERTH TERMS | Loading and discharging conditions. Conditions covering the costs from the dock where the ship is loaded to the dock where it will unload are also known as “Berthing Conditions”. |
| BILETERAL | Mutual.A contract term indicating the mutual consent of the parties. |
| BILL OF EXCHANGE | Payment instruments such as promissory notes, bills of exchange, and bills of lading. |
| BILL OF LADING | Bill of lading. A basic and valuable document with versatile use used in the transportation of goods, raw materials and goods. The bill of lading determines the freight, the characteristics of the goods carried, the route and the parties with property rights on the cargo. |
| BILL OF PARTY | The customer who is obliged to pay for the service. |
| BILL OF SALE | A document that transfers title to a cargo in exchange for payment or a loan. |
| BILLED WEIGHT | Invoiced weight. The weight of the cargo as stated on the bill of lading. |
| BLANKET BOND | A bond covering several persons, goods and belongings. |
| BLANKET RATE | The transportation fee/tariff applicable to different items of goods in a single shipment. |
| BLANKET WAYBILL | A bill of lading issued for cargo carried on more than one voyage. |
| BLIND SHIPMENT | Shipment made without specifying the consignee or sender on the bill of lading. |
| BLOCK STOWAGE | Load stacking to prevent unintentional movement |
| BLOCKED TRAINS | Block train. A freight train that carries many cars to a single destination without stopping at different stations and adding or removing cars. |
| BLOCKING OR BRACING | Wooden or metal supports placed next to the loads to secure them. |
| BLS (BALES) | Bale. |
| BOARD | Board.Providing access to the vehicle. |
| BOARD FEET | Load size 12 inches wide by 1 feet long. |
| BOBTAIL | A tractor without a trailer traveling on the highway. |
| BOGIE | Wheel system mounted under the container. |
| BOLSTER | The part that ensures the safety of the container mounted on the chassis. |
| BOND PORT | Customs port of entry. |
| BONDED FREIGHT | Bonded cargo. |
| BONDED WAREHOUSE | Bonded warehouse. A warehouse where customs authorities allow goods to be stored until customs procedures are completed. |
| BOOKING | Reservation. |
| BOOKING NUMBER | Reservation number. |
| BOOKİNG: | Reservation |
| BOTTOM SIDE RAILS | Longitudinal structural members at the base of the container. |
| BOTTOM-AIR DELIVERY | A mechanism that provides air circulation in a temperature-controlled container. |
| BOW | The front of the ship. |
| BOXCAR | Covered railway freight vehicle. |
| BREAK BULK | Bulk cargo. |
| BREAKDOWN CLAUSE (OF-OF-HİRE CLAUSE): | Used for time charter agreements or policies in case of ship breakdown, collision or equipment |
| BREAKİNG BULK: | Start unloading the ship |
| BRIDGE POINT | Forwarding point. A point on land where cargo carried from one port to another is collected. |
| BRIDGE PORT | A port where cargo carried by a ship is collected, loaded into containers, and transferred to another port for reshipment. |
| BROKEN STOWAGE | An area that cannot be used due to the type and characteristics of the loaded cargo or a planning error in its placement. |
| BROKER | Broker. A person who prepares to transport a load and receives a commission from the transportation of the load. |
| BROKERAGE | Brokerage. |
| BROKERAGE: | The commission a broker is entitled to for his services related to the rental agreement. |
| BULK CARGO | Bulk cargo. Unpackaged or uncontainered, unmarked cargo such as ore, coal, sand, etc. |
| BULK CARRIERS | Bulk carrier. Any vessel built to carry bulk goods such as grain, fertilizer, ore, and oil. |
| BULK FREİGHT: | Load with low weight but high stacking factor |
| BULK: | Bulk cargo (cargo not contained in a package, e.g. coal) |
| BULK-FREIGHT CONTANIER | Container used as a discharge hatch for bulk cargo. |
| BULKHEAD | A separator used to transport goods separately from each other in containers, wagons, etc. |
| BULL RINGS | Parts placed at the bottom of the container to secure the goods being transported and prevent them from slipping. |
| BUNKER CHARGE | Fuel trim factor. see BAF |
| BUNKERS | Ship fuel. |
| C | |
| C&F | Abbreviation for “Cost and Freight”. “Freight and Cost” as a cargo sales term. A type of sale in which the seller assumes the cost of the goods and the costs of transportation to the port of destination. The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), which determines the INCOTERMS terms, changed this sales term to “CFR” on July 1, 1990. |
| C.+F: | Cost and freight (price of the goods and transportation fee) The seller’s responsibility is until the container reaches the discharge port. Freight and transportation costs belong to the seller. |
| C.+İ: | Cost and insurance (price of the goods and insurance) |
| C.A.D. (C/D): | Cash against documents (Vesaik mükabili) |
| C.A.F.: | Cüt, assurance, fret, cif (price of goods, insurance and freight) |
| C.İ.F LANDED: | Cost, insurance, freight, landed (price of goods, insurance, freight and unloading expenses) |
| C.İ.F.: | price of goods, insurance and freight |
| C.İ.F.+C: | cost, insurance, freight and commission (including the price of the goods, insurance, freight and expenses) |
| C.K.D.: | completely knocked down (can be completely disassembled and assembled for moving) |
| C.O.D.: | Charges collect (costs belong to the buyer) |
| C.O.D.: | Cash on delivery |
| C.O.S.: | Charterer pays des (charterer pays) |
| C.T: | Conference terms (conditions of agreement between regular liner shipping companies) |
| C/O: | Care of. (via) |
| THAT.: | circa (approximately) |
| CABOTAGE | Cabotage. The name given to sea and waterway transportation between the ports of the same country. Many countries, including Turkey, have introduced legal restrictions for coastal transportation to be carried out by ships with certain flags. |
| CAF | Abbreviation for “Currency Adjustment Factor”. Currency adjustment factor. Used to protect shipping line operators from fluctuating fuel prices. |
| CAPTAIN’S PROTEST | A report kept by the captain due to bad weather or similar conditions. It is registered at the first port. It is usually issued to protect the ship owner or operator from liability for damages to the cargo during the voyage. Also known as “Sea Protest”. |
| CAR POOLING | The use of privately owned road/rail transport vehicles by the carrier and the carrier through a central authority. |
| CAR SEAL | Vehicle seal. A metal or bird seal placed on the doors of containers, wagons, etc. The seal is usually numbered for recording. |
| CARFLOAT | A rail system used for cargo transfer in ports. |
| CARGO | Cargo. |
| CARGO MANIFEST | Cargo Manifest/Summary Declaration. A list showing the sender and recipient of the cargo carried on a specific voyage and the type and quantity of goods. |
| WE CHARGE | Abbreviation for “Cargo Not Otherwise Specified.” The tariff charge applicable to loads not specified among the items of goods specified in freight transportation tariffs. |
| CARGO PREFERENCE | Cargo that must be carried by national vehicles. Generally, public goods fall within this scope. |
| CARGO TONNAGE | Cargo tonnage. The weight of the goods subject to the tariff. |
| CARGO: | Carrying,load |
| CARLOAD RATE | Vehicle load price. |
| NOTEBOOK | Carnet. A document issued by customs for goods to cross international borders. |
| CARRIER | Carrier. The person or organization that assumes responsibility for the transportation of goods by land, air, sea, rail, inland waterway, or a combination thereof, under a contract of carriage. |
| CARRIER CERTIFICATE | Carrier Certificate. Document requested from the carrier by customs authorities in order to clear the goods through customs. |
| CARRİAGE: | Transport, Freight |
| CARRİER: | Carrier |
| CARTAGE | Domestic transportation. Road or rail transportation between cities of the same country. |
| CARTMENT | Customs transportation document. Document issued for transportation from one place (customs warehouse) to another under customs control within the jurisdiction of the same customs. |
| CASH AGAINST DOCUMENT’S(CAD) | Payment against documents. Cash payment made by the buyer to the agent acting on behalf of the seller in return for the delivery of the goods documents. |
| CASH IN ADVANCE (CIA) | Advance payment. The advance payment made by the buyer to the seller for the loading of the goods. This method is generally used for machines and parts made to order. |
| CASH WITH ORDER (CWO) | Payment when order is placed. |
| CBM | Abbreviation for “Cubic Meter”. Also abbreviated as CM. Cubic meter. |
| CE (CONSUMPTION ENTRY) | Documentation used to declare goods imported into the United States. |
| CELLS | Cell system. A stacking method in which containers are placed on top of each other in container ships. |
| CENTER OF GRAVITY | Center of gravity of transport vehicles or containers. |
| CERTIFICATE | Certificate, certificate. Document showing the permission given to the carrier by the customs or other responsible institution. |
| CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN | Certificate of origin. A document showing the country of origin of goods in international trade. |
| CERTİFİCATE OF ORİGİN: | Certificate of origin |
| CFR | Abbreviation for “Cost and Freight”. The cost of goods and freight. It means that the seller pays the costs and freight required for the transportation of the goods to the specified destination port by specifying the destination port. However, in this form of sale, the risk of loss or damage to the goods and all costs incurred in connection with this are transferred from the seller to the buyer after the goods pass from the loading port to the ship’s board. The term CFR requires the export procedures of the goods to be carried out by the seller. |
| CFS | Abbreviation for “Container Freight Station”. Container transfer station. A place where container loads are unloaded and reloaded. A place where incomplete container loads are generally completed and loads destined for the same consignee/consignee are consolidated. |
| CHARGE: | Expenses, fees, charges |
| CHARGEABLE WEİGHT: | chargeable weight |
| CHARTER PARTY | Ship charter contract. It regulates information such as the duration of the contract, freight charges and ports to be visited during the voyage. |
| CHASSIS | Chassis. Wheeled and container locking mechanism that secures the container while moving. |
| CHOCK | Metal or wooden construction that prevents the load from tipping over. |
| THERE | Abbreviation for “Cost and Insurance.” A sales contract covering the cost of goods, marine insurance, and all carriage charges other than freight. |
| CIF | Abbreviation for “Cost, Insurance and Freight”. In this type of sale, the seller has the same obligations as in the CFR term, but is also obliged to provide marine insurance against the risk of loss or damage to the goods during transportation. The seller makes an insurance contract and pays the premium. CIF requires the seller to carry out export exit procedures. |
| CIF&C | Abbreviation for “Cost, Insurance, Freight & Commission.” A sales agreement in which the seller covers the cost of the goods, freight charges, and transportation insurance, as well as commissions. |
| CIF&E | Abbreviation for “Cost, Insurance, Freight & Exchange.” A sales agreement in which the seller assumes the cost of the goods, freight charges, and transportation insurance, as well as exchange expenses. |
| CIF: | delivery as price of goods |
| CIFCI | Abbreviation for “Cost, Insurance, Freight, Collection and Interest.” “Cost, Insurance, Freight, Delivery and Interest.” A sales agreement in which the seller assumes the cost of the goods, freight charges and transportation insurance, as well as delivery and interest expenses. |
| CIP | Abbreviation for “Carriage and Insurance Paid to”. A sales term meaning that the seller has the same obligations under CPT. However, it additionally requires the buyer to provide cargo insurance against the risk of transporting the goods. The seller contracts for insurance and pays the premium. The seller is also obliged to provide the buyer with only the minimum level of insurance coverage under CIP. CIP requires the seller to perform export transactions. |
| CİTY TERMİNAL SERVİCE: | intra-city terminal service |
| CKD | Abbreviation for “Completely Knocked Down.” The disassembly and transportation of vehicles, equipment, and devices that are of a type that will be subject to special handling. |
| CL | Abbreviation for “Carload” and “Containerload”.Container load. |
| CLAIM | A claim against the carrier for compensation for goods damaged or missing during transportation. |
| CLAİMS: | complaints |
| CLASSIFICATION | Classification. Lists developed by customs or other authorized agencies that set forth the items of goods detailed on a bill of lading. |
| CLASSIFICATION RATING | The pricing that can be applied to items of goods classified. |
| CLASSIFICATION YARD | The area where freight trains are assembled. |
| CLAYTON ACT | A 1914 U.S. antitrust law that made price discrimination illegal. |
| CLEAN BILL OF LADING | A bill of lading issued by the carrier showing that the goods are undamaged and complete when received by the carrier. Unless otherwise stated, the bill of lading is considered “cleaned”. |
| CLEANING IN TRANSIT | The goods are stopped somewhere between the origin and destination points and cleaned, sorted and/or repackaged. |
| CLEARANCE | 1.Customs clearance 2.Loading the vehicle in a way that it can easily pass through limited areas such as bridges or tunnels. |
| CLEAT | Iron or wooden strips mounted inside to increase the strength of the load. |
| CLECAT | European Forwarders, Customs Agents and Logistics Association. Founded in 1958, a transport organization whose members are associations and federations representing freight forwarders, customs agents and logistics companies in European countries, and which has consultancy status with the EU Commission. |
| CLIP-ON | Refrigeration equipment that can be installed in an insulated container. |
| CMC | Container Movement Control (The system that tracks containers, calculates demurrage and determines empty/full container information.) |
| COASTWISE | Maritime transportation along the coast. |
| COD | Abbreviation for “Collect (cash) on Delivery”. A cash on delivery sales method. |
| COFC | Abbreviation for “Container On Flat Car”. Abbreviation used in railway transportation for “Container on Flat Car”. |
| COGSA | Abbreviation for “Carriage of Goods by Sea Act.” A 1936 law regulating the carrier’s liability under the bill of lading in maritime transportation in the United States. |
| COLLECTING BANK | Bank to which the money is transferred. A bank that acts as an agent of the seller’s bank and assumes no responsibility for the goods or the bill of lading. |
| COLLECTION | A check/draft drawn by the seller, usually accompanied by other shipping documents, containing instructions for the form of payment. |
| COLLECTİNG FREE: | the fee paid to collect goods from a ship at the port of destination |
| COMBINATION EXPORT MANAGER | A company that exports goods from more than one manufacturer who is not a competitor to each other. |
| COMBINATION PASSENGER AND CARGO SHIPS | Combined passenger and cargo ship. Ships with a capacity of 13 or more passengers. |
| COMBINATION RATE | A rate consisting of 2 or more factors, a fee. |
| COMMERCIAL INVOICE | Commercial invoice. The invoice that records all transactions between the exporter and the importer and forms the basis for the documents prepared for the transported goods. |
| COMMODITY | Cargo. Goods carried. |
| COMMODITY RATE | A printed tariff showing the freight charges applied to specific items of freight. |
| COMMODİTY RATES: | Fee table applied for transportation |
| COMMON CARRIER | Carrier, transporter. Person or firm that transports goods according to printed tariffs. |
| COMMON LAW | Unwritten law based on custom and tradition. |
| CONCEALED DAMAGE | Hidden damage. Damage that cannot be noticed during initial inspection or without opening the packaging of the goods. |
| CONDİTİONS OF CONTRACT: | contract terms |
| CONFERENCE | An association with common rules and tariffs established by shipowners and shipowners serving on the same route. |
| CONFIRMED LETTER OF CREDIT | Confirmed letter of credit, Letter of credit. A letter of credit issued by a foreign bank and approved by a local bank. The exporter with a confirmed letter of credit is guaranteed to receive payment even if the foreign buyer or his bank is at fault. |
| CONFIRMING BANK | Confirming/drawing bank. A bank that confirms another bank’s letter of credit and agrees to make payment upon delivery of the documents specified in the letter of credit. |
| CONNECTING CARRIER | A carrier company that connects two carriers. |
| CONSIGNEE | Consignee, consignee. In the transport documents, the person or firm authorized to receive the goods being transported. |
| CONSIGNEE MARK | Recipient symbol. Symbols placed on packages for identification, usually in the form of a triangle, circle, square, etc., with letters indicating the discharge port. |
| CONSIGNMENT | (1) Goods sent to a place specified by an intermediary for transportation, but still owned by the producer. (2) Loading the goods for delivery to the consignee/consignee. |
| CONSIGNOR | The person specified on the bill of lading as the shipper of the goods. |
| CONSİGNEE: | Goods sent to yourself |
| CONSİGNMENT: | Goods sent, sending goods, shipment |
| CONSİGNOR: | Sending goods |
| CONSOLIDATION | Consolidation of loads from different sources destined for the same shipment. |
| CONSOLIDATOR | Person or firm that consolidates or provides consolidation services. |
| CONSOLİDATOR: | An organization that is a member of IATA and combines and ships goods in bulk. |
| CONSTRUCTION DIFFERENTIAL SUBSIDY | Construction wage difference subsidy. |
| CONSUL | Consul. |
| CONSULAR DECLERATION | Cargo details approved by the consul of the shipping country. |
| CONSULAR INVOICE | A document signed by a consular official, requested by some countries. It is usually requested by the customs of the importing country to determine the value, type and characteristics of the goods. |
| CONSULAR INVOİCE (C.I): | certified invoice |
| CONSULAR VISA | A signature or seal added to documents by the consul of the sending country. |
| CONSUMPTION ENTRY (CE) | Declaration of goods imported into the United States. |
| CONTAINER | Container. A transport container that can be transported by ship, plane, train and truck, with various lengths, widths and heights, refrigerated, ventilated, open-top, for bulk cargo, etc. |
| CONTAINER BOOKING | Container reservation. Making a space reservation for containers on shipping lines that transport containers. |
| CONTAINER LOAD | Enough cargo to fill the container. |
| CONTAINER MANIFEST | Container manifest. Document containing information about the goods and loading inside the container. |
| CONTAINER POLL | Agreement between companies to open containers to shared use. |
| CONTAINER TERMINAL | Container terminal. An area with land, sea and railway connections where stacking, loading, unloading, repair and maintenance of full or empty containers are carried out. |
| CONTAINER YARD (CY) | Container area. Area where loaded or empty containers are handled, loaded, unloaded and stored. |
| CONTAINERIZABLE CARGO | Economical load that does not leave any space in the container and does not cause loss of space. |
| CONTAINERIZATION | Loading of general or special purpose cargo into containers for different modes of transport. |
| CONTRABAND | Prohibited cargo. |
| CONTRACT | Contract, agreement. A legal written agreement between two or more parties to fulfill an obligation of a certain value within a certain period of time. |
| CONTRACT CARRIER | Contract carrier. A person or organization that carries out the transportation of goods or passengers under a contract. |
| CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE | A computer-controlled transportation system that controls the mixture of gases. |
| CORNER POSTS | Vertical frames located at the corners of the container that facilitate placing the containers on or removing them from the transport vehicle. |
| CORRESPONDENT BANK | Correspondent bank. A local bank that handles the business of a foreign bank. |
| COST,INSURANCE AND FREIGHT (CIF) | Freight, insurance, cost. See CIF |
| COUNTERVAILING DUTY | A tax imposed on foreign importers to encourage local exports. |
| CPT | Abbreviation for “Carriage Paid To”. It means that the seller pays the transportation fee for the goods to be transported to the destination, with the destination specified. The buyer bears the risk of loss or damage to the goods after they are transferred to the carrier, as well as any additional costs that may occur after this delivery. If other carriers are used to transport the goods to the destination, the risk passes to that carrier when the goods are transferred from them to the first carrier. CPT requires the seller to complete export exit procedures. |
| CPT: | pick up with carriage paid |
| CRF: | Cost of goods and freight |
| CROSS MEMBER | Cross construction mounted under the container, strengthening the container. |
| WITH | Abbreviation for “Cubic”. Abbreviation for “Cube” in the metric system. |
| CUBE FOOT | A volume measurement of 1.728 inches. Also known as “Cubic Foot”. |
| CUBE OUT | A container is filled below the legal weight limits. |
| CURRENT RATES: | Current prices |
| CUSTOM ENTRY | Customs entry. In all countries, importers are required to make a declaration for the goods they can allow to enter the country’s border and to pay the customs duties on the imported goods. The importer’s customs declaration being the same as the carrier’s manifest (summary declaration) shows that the goods have been imported in accordance with the law. |
| CUSTOM INVOICE | Customs invoice. A form that contains all the data in the commercial invoice, certificate of origin and value certificate. It is only required in a few countries and serves as the seller’s commercial invoice. |
| CUSTOM OF THE PORT | Port Customs. Specifies local rules and practices affecting transportation costs in ports of the country to which the goods are shipped. |
| CUSTOMHOUSE | Customs Office. |
| CUSTOMHOUSE BROKER | Customs broker. A legal intermediary authorized to carry out customs procedures on behalf of his client. |
| CUSTOMS | Customs. |
| CUSTOMS BONDED WAREHOUSE | Customs warehouse. A warehouse area where goods to be customs cleared are allowed to be placed. |
| CUSTOMS BROKER: | Customs Broker |
| CUSTOMS CLEARANCE: | Customs clearance |
| CUSTOMS DECLARATİON: | Customs declaration |
| CUT-OFF TIME | The last date and time for the cargo to be delivered to the terminal before the departure of the train or ship. |
| CWT | A measure of weight in units of 100 pounds. |
| CY | Bkz.”Container Yard”. |
| D | |
| D&H | Abbreviation for “Dangerous & Hazardeous”. Cargo that is dangerous and requires care and attention to be handled. |
| D.D.: | Dangerous deck (Deck where dangerous goods are stowed) |
| D.İ.C.: | Ship’s cargo capacity |
| D.İ.O.: | Shipping fee paid only at loading |
| D.O.T. | Abbreviation for “Department of Transport.” U.S. Department of Transportation. |
| D/P: | Sending documents in return for payment |
| DAF | Abbreviation for “Delivered At Frontier”. Delivery at the border by specifying the destination. It means that the seller’s obligations end when the goods are ready for delivery at the specified place, at the border, but at the specified place and point before the customs border of the adjacent country, with the customs exit procedures completed at the specified place. |
| DAF: | Delivery at the border |
| DDC | Abbreviation for “Destination Delivery Charge”. Delivery charge on arrival. A charge applied to many cargo tariffs, depending on container size. This charge is added to the basic ocean freight as an incidental charge. It includes crane unloading from the ship, heavy truck transport within the terminal, and gate charges for terminal operations. |
| DDP | Abbreviation for “Delivered Duty Paid”. It means that the seller’s delivery obligation will be fulfilled by making the goods ready at the specified place in the importing country, with the importer’s customs duty paid and the destination specified. The seller assumes all risks and expenses, including customs duty, taxes and other charges, upon delivery of the goods with the entry procedures completed. EXW represents the least responsibility for the seller, while DDP represents the most. |
| DDP: | Delivery with customs duty paid |
| DDU | Abbreviation for “Delivered Duty Unpaid”. It means that the seller has fulfilled his delivery obligation by making the goods available at the designated place in the importing country before the customs duty is paid. The seller is responsible for the costs and risks of the goods being brought here (excluding customs duty, taxes and other payable import fees). The buyer assumes any additional costs that may occur and the risks that may arise due to inadequacy in customs exit procedures. |
| DDU: | Delivery without paying customs duty |
| DEAD FREİGHT: | Regret freight |
| DEADWEIGHT | It refers to the total ton carrying capacity of a ship for cargo, dry and liquid cargo. The deadweight capacity of the ship is calculated as the difference in tonnes between the amount of water it takes in until it sinks to the “load line” while loaded and the amount of water it takes in when empty. |
| DEADWEIGHT CARGO | Ship loading unit. It refers to the ton weight of cargo that can be stacked in 40 feet of space. |
| DECONSOLIDATION POINT | A place where loose or uncontainerized cargo is reloaded for delivery. |
| DEFICIT WEIGHT | Under-tonnage. Underweight. |
| DELIVERY INSTRUCTIONS | Delivery instructions. Instructions for picking up the goods from the specified address and delivering them to the distribution pier. Usually, these types of instructions are given by the exporter to the land transport operator or the railway transport operator that complements the land transport. Also known as “Shipping Deliver Order”. |
| DELİVERİNG CARRİER: | The carrier who delivers the goods to the recipient when they reach the destination port. |
| DELİVERY SERVİCE: | Delivery service |
| DEMDES | Abbreviation for “Demurrage/Despatch.” Money paid when goods are loaded or unloaded from a ship faster or slower than anticipated. |
| DEMURRAGE: | Demonic |
| DENSITY | Density. The weight of a load per cubic metre or other unit of volume. |
| DEP: | Departure (departure time) |
| DEPOT,CONTAINER | Container Depot. An empty area where empty containers are picked up and left. |
| DEQ | Abbreviation for “Delivered Ex Quay, (Duty Paid)”. Delivered at Quay. The port of destination must be specified. It means that the goods are delivered to the port on the appropriate quay, after the customs entry procedures have been completed. The seller must bear all costs and risks, including customs duties, taxes and other fees, up to the delivery of the goods. |
| DEQ: | Delivery at the dock |
| OF THE | Abbreviation for “Delivered Ex Ship”. Delivered on Ship. Fulfilling the obligation to deliver the goods on the ship before the customs procedures are completed by specifying the destination port. The seller must cover the risks and expenses that may occur to the goods until they arrive at the specified port. |
| OF THE: | Delivered on board |
| DESTINATION | Destination, direction, destination. The place where the carrier will deliver the goods to the buyer or his agent. |
| DETENTION | 1. It is a monetary penalty given to the sender or the receiver who causes the delay of the carrier’s equipment by exceeding the given available time. Demurrage is applied to the cargo, detention is applied to the equipment. 2. Detention of the vehicle and cargo by the state for various reasons. |
| DEVANNING | Unloading the container or cargo van. |
| DF CAR | Abbreviation for “Damage-free Car.” A freight car with special equipment to protect against damage. |
| DISCREPANCY LETTER OF CREDIT | Disputed letter of credit/credit. If the documents presented do not comply with the requirements of the Letter of Credit, they are treated as “disputed”. Banks cannot conduct transactions with disputed letters of credit. They notify the buyer or seller of the situation and await instructions. |
| DISPLACEMENT | Weight of the ship. It is calculated by dividing the cubic meter of water displaced by the ship by the average density of sea water, which is 1.025 tons/m. |
| DIVERSION | Change in the route of the goods in transit or of the entire ship. |
| DIVISION | The carrier’s practice of sharing revenue from shared shipments. |
| DİSPATCH MONEY: | Shipping fee is an additional fee to be paid if the ship loads or unloads before the due date. |
| DOCK | Quay. In land transport, a loading and unloading platform at an industrial site or carrier terminal. |
| DOCK RECEIPT | Dock delivery note. Document showing that the goods have been received. Mostly used in the preparation of the sea bill of lading. |
| DOCUMENTS AGAINTS ACCEPTANCE (D/A) | It is the instruction given by the buyer to the bank regarding the delivery of the document if the payment is made. |
| DOLLY | A set of wheels that supports the front of the container. Used when the container is not attached to a tractor. |
| DOOR TO DOOR | Door-to-door transportation. Carrying out all transportation operations of the goods from the sender to the recipient. Also known as home-to-home transportation. |
| DRAFT | It is an unconditional written instruction sent by one party (drawer) to another party (drawee) for the latter to pay a certain amount on a certain date. |
| DRAFT,BANK | A check, draft, or promissory note sent by a seller to a buyer, usually through a bank. |
| DRAFT,CLEAN | A check, bill of exchange or promissory note to which no documents are attached. |
| DRAFT,DATE | A check, bill of exchange or promissory note that matures on a specific date regardless of the date of acceptance. |
| DRAFT,DISCOUNTED | A postdated check, bill of exchange, or promissory note accepted under a letter of credit and purchased at a discount by a bank. |
| DRAFT,SIGHT | A check, bill of exchange or promissory note that can be paid against documentation upon request. |
| DRAFT,TIME | A check, bill of exchange or promissory note that matures on a specific date after its acceptance or recourse against documentation. |
| DRAWBAG | A partial refund of an import duty. Refunds are often made because the goods are re-exported from the country where the duty was collected. |
| DRAWEE | Addressee. The person or firm that prepares a draft. Therefore, the party that receives payment. |
| DRAYAGE | The fee charged for local transport by heavy goods vehicle or truck has the same meaning as “Cartage”. |
| DRSF | Abbreviation for “Destination Rail Freight Station.” |
| DRY -BULK CONTAINER | Dry bulk cargo container. A container made to carry small grains, powder and solid fluid goods in bulk. It has a special chassis or platform. |
| DRY CARGO | Non-liquid cargo. Temperature control is generally not required. |
| DUMPING | Discount, price cutting. Trying to import a product below the average market price of a country. Usually the exporting country has a subsidy. |
| AND | |
| E.C.M.C.A. | Abbreviation for “Eastern Central Motor Carriers Association.” East Coast Motor Carriers Association, USA. |
| E.T.A.: | ship estimated time of arrival |
| E.T.C.: | Probable completion time |
| E.W.I.B. | Abbreviation for “Eastern Weighing and Inspection Bureau.” U.S. East Coast Weighing and Inspection Bureau. |
| EDGE PROTECTOR | A triangle shaped protector that prevents metal strips from damaging the packaging of goods in carrying containers such as cases, parcels, boxes, etc. |
| WAS | Abbreviation for “Electronic Data Interface”. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). A data exchange system that securely enables the flow of commercial information between computer systems. |
| EDIFACT | Abbreviation for “United Nations Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport”. An organization that determines the standards for electronic information interchange for administration, commerce and transport. A commercial electronic message system supported and developed by the United Nations and implemented in Turkish Customs. Also known as UN/EDIFACT. |
| ELEVATING | The value placed on the service of transporting grain products using grain elevators. |
| ELKINS ACT | A law passed by the U.S. Congress in 1903 that established certain standards in accounting practices and imposed penalties for malpractices. |
| EMBARGO | Embargo. A ban imposed by a country on all goods originating from a particular country or on the transportation of certain goods regardless of their origin. |
| EMERGENCY RATES: | Tariffs applied by ships affiliated with the conference in case of emergency |
| EMINENT DOMAIN | Expropriation. The state’s seizure of private property for the public good with reasonable compensation. |
| EMPTY REPO | Transportation of empty containers and contract for this transportation. |
| ENDORSEMENT | Endorsement. The signature placed on the back of a valuable document such as a check/promissory note/bill of lading. Endorsement shows that the value of the valuable document has been transferred to the bearer. |
| ENTRY | Entry documents. Documents required by customs to carry out customs procedures before the imported goods enter the domestic market. |
| EQUALIZATION | Official permission given to the shipper or consignee to receive the cargo from a location other than the point specified on the bill of lading. |
| EQUIPMENT INTERCHANGE RECEIPT (EIR) | Equipment change document. Document required for the transportation of a container from one carrier to another or from one terminal to another. |
| AND | Abbreviation for “Estimated Time of Arrival.” Estimated time of arrival. |
| ETB | Estimated Time of Berthing |
| ETHYLENE | Ethylene. A gas secreted by many fruits and vegetables that accelerates ripening. Some countries place restrictions on its use. |
| ETS | Estimated Time of Sailing |
| EX DEC | A term meaning “Shipper’s Export Declaration”.Shipper’s Export Declaration. |
| EX SHİP: | Delivered from ship |
| EX-“FROM” | As a sales term, the phrase “From” or “Ex” indicates the sales value of the product at the point of origin. For example, “Ex Factory” indicates the ex-factory price of the product, while “Ex Dock” indicates the price of the product at the port of origin. |
| EXCEPTION | Exceptions. The carrier must note any visible damage or loss on the bill of lading when receiving the goods at its terminal or loading port. |
| EXIM BANK | Abbreviation for “Export-Import Bank”. A public bank established to promote import and export, providing credit guarantees to exporters and repayment insurance for export credits it grants. |
| EXPIRY DATE | Maturity. The expiration date for a letter of credit, check, bond, letter of credit, tariff, etc. |
| EXPORT | Export, Exportation. The sale of reprocessed goods produced in a particular country to third countries. |
| EXPORT DECLERATION | Export Declaration. Document required by the government before the foreign shipment of goods. |
| EXPORT LICENCE | Export permit. A document that allows the holder to export specified goods to a specified destination. |
| EXPORT RATE | The price charged for cargo shipped from a local port to a foreign country. |
| EXW | Abbreviation for “Ex Works”. Delivered at the workplace. It means that the seller’s obligations end when the seller makes the goods ready for the buyer at the seller’s own establishment (factory, warehouse, etc.). Unless otherwise provided, the seller is not obliged to load the goods onto the vehicle provided by the buyer or to carry out customs clearance procedures. All costs and risks related to the transportation of the goods from the seller’s establishment to the desired location are borne by the buyer. This term carries a quality that includes minimum obligations for the seller. |
| EXW: | Delivery from workplace |
| F | |
| F.A.C.: | During loading/unloading, all the ship’s facilities are used to complete the job as quickly as possible. |
| F.A.S.: | Free on aircraft |
| F.D.A. | Abbreviation for “Food and Drug Administration.” U.S. Food and Drug Administration. |
| F.O.B.: | free on board (gemide teslim) |
| F.O.T.: | free on truck |
| F.T.: | Full terms (Indicates that all commissions and discounts in the freight market are included) |
| FACTOR | Factor.The ratio used to calculate sales receivables. |
| FAF | Abbreviation for “Fuel Adjustment Factor”. See BAF |
| FAK | Abbreviation for “Freight All Kinds.” General cargo. Refers to a fully loaded container containing mixed goods from different recipients. |
| FALSE BILLING | Incorrect declaration of weight or freight on the shipping documents. |
| FAS | Abbreviation for “Free Alongside Ship”. Delivery Alongside the Ship. It means that the seller’s delivery obligation is fulfilled by placing the goods on the dock or barge alongside the ship at the designated loading port. From this moment on, any loss or damage to the goods and all costs and risks are assumed by the buyer. |
| FCA | Abbreviation for “Free Carrier”. Free of charge to the carrier. It means that the seller’s obligation is fulfilled when the goods are delivered to the carrier specified by the buyer at the place specified by the buyer after the export procedures have been completed. If the buyer does not specify a specific point for delivery, the seller may choose the point where he will hand over the goods to the carrier within an area or place that has not been previously determined. |
| FCL | Abbreviation for “Full Container Load.” A container filled by a single customer. |
| FD | Abbreviation for “Free Discharge.”Free discharge. |
| FEEDER SERVICE | Service of unloading cargo destined for long distances from local ports to the central transfer port. |
| FEEDER VESSEL | Small capacity short distance vessels used for transfer services. |
| FIRE | Abbreviation for “Forty-Foot Equivalent Units”. A 40-foot container is the standard. A 20-foot container is called a TEU. 2 TEU is equal to 1 FEU. |
| FIAT | Abbreviation for “Federastion International des Associations de Trasitaires et Assimillés”. International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations. Headquartered in Zurich, the association includes 93 national transport, freight forwarder, customs agents and logistics associations and federations. |
| FIFTH WHEEL | A semicircular steel piece that connects and locks the truck’s tractor to the chassis. |
| WIRE | Abbreviation for “Free In and Out.” Indicates that port charges for loading or unloading to and from the ship are not included in the costs. The opposite of “Liner In and Out.” |
| ROW | Free In – Liner Out (Loading fee is not included in the freight. Unloading fee is included in the freight.) |
| FIRKIN | A unit of measurement for volume equal to 1/4 of a barrel. |
| FIXED COSTS | Fixed costs. Expenses that are not dependent on the activity. In transportation, terminal, warehouse, warehouse etc. rents, property taxes and other fixed taxes are such expenses. |
| FLAT CAR | A railway carriage without a ceiling or walls. |
| FLAT RACK/FLAT BED CONTAINER | A platform-shaped container without sides or walls into which goods can be loaded from the side and top. |
| FMC (F.M.C.) | Abbreviation for “Federal Maritime Commission.” National Maritime Commission, United States. |
| FOB | Abbreviation for “Free on Board”. Free on board. Delivery at the specified port of loading. Indicates that the seller has completed his obligations by delivering the goods on board the ship at the specified port of loading. From this point on, the buyer assumes all costs and risks related to loss or damage to the goods. FOB requires the seller to complete the export exit procedures. |
| FOB FREIGHT ALLOWED FOB | In addition to the terms of sale, the buyer undertakes the internal transportation of the goods from the point of departure to the ship’s board. In this type of sale, the seller deducts the internal transportation cost from his invoice. |
| FOB FREIGHT PREPAID FOB | In the sales conditions, the seller undertakes the internal transportation of the goods from the point of departure to the ship’s board. The name of the internal carrier is added next to the FOB statement. |
| FOB NAMED POINT OF EXPORTATION FOB | It refers to the seller’s obligation to deliver the goods up to the point specified in the sales conditions. |
| FOB VESSEL FOB | In the sales conditions, it refers to the seller’s obligation to actually prepare the expenses and export documents up to the ship’s board. |
| FOR | Abbreviation for “Free on Rail.” A cargo sales term meaning “delivered by rail.” |
| FORCE MAJEURE | Forced situations. A statement summarizing events beyond the control of the contracting parties that prevent them from fulfilling their obligations, such as war, natural disaster, earthquake, etc. |
| FORCE MAJEURE: | Force majeure |
| FORK LIFT | A work machine used to lift and lower pallets, skids and crates. |
| FOOT | Free On Truck (The seller’s responsibility is until the container is loaded onto the TIR or truck. Freight is paid by the buyer.) |
| FOUL BILL OF LADING | The opposite of a “Clean Bill of Lading” is a bill of lading indicating that the goods were loaded with damage by the carrier. |
| FOUR-WAY PALLET | A pallet designed to fit into the forks of the work machine from four sides. |
| FREE ASTRAY | Finding a lost item and sending it to the correct destination free of charge. |
| FREE IN AND OUT (FIO) | The situation where the loading and unloading expenses of the ship are paid by the charterer or the shipper. |
| FREE OUT | The situation where the costs of unloading the ship are paid by the charterer. |
| FREE PARTICULAR AVERAGE (FPA) | A marine insurance term referring to the situation where the insurer does not pay for partial loss or damage other than sinking, fire, collision and grounding. |
| FREE PORT/FOREIGN TRADE ZONE | Port Free Zone. A port where goods exempt from customs are handled. |
| FREE TIME | Free, unpaid time. Additional time during which loading/unloading equipment can be used free of charge. |
| FREE TRADE ZONE | Free Trade Zone. A port area into which goods not prohibited by a country’s government may enter without customs duty. Goods may be loaded, stored, manufactured, and re-exported within this zone. |
| FREIGHT | Freight. A term expressing the cost of both freight and cargo. |
| FREIGHT BILL | Freight invoice. |
| FREIGHT FORWARDER | Transport organizer. |
| FREIGHTERS | Cargo ships. Refrigerated or packaged goods ships; container, partial container carrier ships and barge carriers. |
| FTL | Abbreviation for “Full Truck Load.” A truck loaded for a single loader and a single receiver. |
| FULL CONTAINERSHIP | Ships equipped with permanent container cells or with no space available for other types of cargo. |
| G | |
| GATEWAY | Transition point. The point where cargo passes between transportation lines. |
| GATEWAY CHARGES: | All costs incurred to increase the load at the airport |
| GATT | Acronym for “General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade”. An international agreement signed multilaterally to facilitate trade between countries and increase its volume. GATT was replaced by the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1994. |
| GBL | Abbreviation for “Government Bill of Lading.” Government Bill of Lading. |
| GDSM | Abbreviation for “General Department Store Merchandise.” A term used to refer to loads that typically include goods from mass-producing firms. This phrase is often used in service contracts. |
| GENERAL CARGO RATES: | Fee table for mixed load |
| GENERAL CARGO SHIP | Mixed cargo ships, packaging tugs, automobile, live animal, pallet and timber carriers are included in this scope. |
| GENERAL SET (GEN SET) | A portable generator mounted on a reefer container that provides cooling during transit. |
| GO-DOWN | The name given to the warehouse where goods are stored and distributed in the Far East. |
| GOODS: | Emti, mal |
| GOODSNECK | Raised side of the chassis for attaching the container to the tractor. |
| GRAY | Abbreviation for “General Rate Increase”. General price increase. It usually refers to the increase made on the general rate by shipping line carriers that are members of a conference. |
| GROSS TONAGE (GT) | Gross weight (V=Total volume of the ship) calculated approximately with the empirical formula (0.2+0.02 Log 10V) for ships. |
| GROSS WEIGHT | Gross weight. The total weight of goods, pallets, containers, packages and wagons. |
| GROUPING | Groupage, consolidation. Service of combining partial loads in small packages by transferring them to large transport containers. |
| GVW | Abbreviation for “Gross Vehicle Weight.” Gross vehicle weight. |
| H | |
| HANDLİNG: | Loading operations |
| HARBOR MASTER | Harbour Captain. The person who supervises the berthing, manoeuvring and anchoring of ships in a harbour. |
| HATCH | A deck hatch cover. A hatchway through which cargo entrances are made. |
| DO MAT | Abbreviation for “Hazardeous Materials.” Hazardous substance. |
| HEAVY LIFT CHARGE | The fee charged for lifting loads that are too heavy for a ship’s normal loading equipment to carry. |
| HIGH-DENSITY COMPRESSION | Compression of a standard cotton bale weighing 14.5 kilograms per cubic meter. Generally used in cotton cargo exported by sea. |
| HITCHMENT | Binding Service. The service of combining the parts of goods transported from different places under a single bill of lading from one sender to one recipient. |
| HOPPER BARGE | A large bucket-shaped barge with an open bottom used for loading and unloading ships. |
| HOUSE TO PIER | Door to pier. Cargo loaded into a container by the carrier under the supervision of the carrier. When the cargo is exported, it is unloaded at the foreign destination pier. |
| HOUSE-TO-HOUSE | Another name for door-to-door transportation. |
| HUMPING | The process of combining a moving railroad car with a stationary railroad car in a railroad classification yard to form a train. The cars are moved by gravity over a hump or knoll to the appropriate rail. |
| I | |
| I.C.C | Abbreviation for “International Chamber of Commerce.” |
| I.C.C.: | Template provisions prepared by the Institute of British Insurers |
| IE | Abbreviation for “Immediate Exit.” A form of emergency exit used by U.S. Customs when goods are brought in and exported without being immediately transported within U.S. borders. |
| I.M.C.O. | Abbreviation for “International Maritime Consultative Organisation”. International Maritime Consultative Organisation. A forum in which all countries participate, which makes recommendations on dangerous goods, bulk cargo and general maritime regulations. |
| I.M.D.G. CODE | Abbreviation for “International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code”. International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (UDTM Code). Rules published by IMO that determine the rules and classification of dangerous goods for international transport. |
| I.S.O. | Abbreviation for “International Standards Organization”. International Organization for Standardization. An organization that creates international standards on everything from equipment to packaging, labeling and document preparation. |
| I.T. | Abbreviation for “Immediate Transport”. Urgent Transport. Document prepared by the carrier and used to complete customs clearance procedures at the final destination, starting from the US port of entry of the shipment. Terminates customs clearance procedures at the final destination of the shipment. Also called Transfer-Entry. |
| I/A | Abbreviation for “Independent Action.” The right of a conference member to write a different rate or rule based on the general rates and rules of the agreement. |
| BEHOLD | Abbreviation for “International Air Transport Organization”. The organization that oversees the definition and authorization of passenger and cargo transportation in international air transportation. |
| IGLOO | A container shaped like an aircraft fuselage used in air transportation. |
| IMAGE PROCESSING | Image processing. A system of taking electronic photographs of a company’s documents and systematically storing these photographs in electronic form. |
| IMMEDIATE EXPOTATION | Urgent export. A record that allows foreign goods arriving at a port to be exported from the same port without paying customs duty. |
| IMPORT | Import, export. The purchase of a product produced in a foreign country to be sold within the country’s customs borders. |
| IMPORT LICENCE | Import License. Documents and licenses required for the import of goods undertaken and regulated by some states. |
| IN BOND | Cargo moving under customs control without paying customs duties. |
| IN GATE | At the door. The buying, selling or exchange transactions that take place when the container is unloaded from the carrier at the train station or port. |
| IN REGULAR TURN: | In orderly order |
| IN TRANSIT | In transit. |
| INBOND LOGISTICS | Supply Logistics. Logistics management field whose main subjects are determination of effective route and program, scheduling of time for receiving component parts, satellite tracking of shipment movements, barcode verification at receiving-receiving points, supplier coordination, material management and returnable container control. |
| INCENTIVE RATE | Privileged tariff. Price tariff for volumes greater than the volume determined by the installer. Offered for sections exceeding the normal volume. |
| INCOTERMS | A catalogue of abbreviations used by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) for commercial sales terms. The globally accepted sales terms that explain at what point the transportation, insurance and liability costs of the seller and buyer change hands. These terms were last revised in 2000. |
| INCOTERMS: | International commercial terms |
| INDEMNITY BOND | A surety bond is an agreement that assumes the responsibility of keeping the carrier without causing any damage. |
| INDEPENDENT ACTION | In container transportation, a carrier’s application of cheaper non-conference transportation tariffs by leaving the cartel on a certain line. |
| INDEPENDENT TARIFF | Independent tariff. Any price tariff that is not part of an agreement or conference system. |
| INDUCEMENT | Although a ship is not on its previously specified route, cargo that is later found at that port in sufficient quantity to cover the costs of the ship’s call and that port is included in the ship’s route. |
| INFOPARTNERING | Knowledge partnership. An active element of consumer response that demonstrates where retailers, wholesalers, and manufacturers can develop partnerships based on shared “actionable knowledge” and establish real-time communication links. |
| INHERENT VICE | Insurance and legal term that indicates the internal features of the product. Some products may burn, deteriorate and damage other products where they stand due to their internal features. Insurance policies bind these products to exceptional conditions. |
| INLAND CARRIER | A carrier who organizes transportation to domestic ports and points. A carrier who controls import or export traffic between unspecified ports or points. |
| INSOURCING | Internal sourcing. The opposite of outshurcing. A service performed within the organization. |
| INSPECTION CERTIFICATE | A certificate issued by a company or independent organization such as SGS and Lloyd’s that confirms the quality and/or quantity of the goods being shipped. This type of certificate is usually requested as a condition of a letter of credit to provide assurance about the quality of the goods. |
| INSTALLMENT SHIPMENTS | Supplementary loadings. Loading under the terms of a letter of credit. It should generally be done within the allowed and given time. |
| INSULATED CONTAINER | Insulated container. A container that is insulated on its walls, roof, floor and door to protect it from changes in the open air, temperature, pressure, humidity, etc. |
| INSULATED CONTAINER TANK | Insulated Tank Container. A tank-shaped container that is insulated from all kinds of atmospheric events and used in the transportation of liquids, gases and chemicals. |
| INSURANCE | Insurance. |
| INSURANCE ALL-RISK | Insurance with no or minimum exemption limit. This type of insurance promises the carrier the widest insurance amount for damages that may occur during transit. The concept of “All Risk” should not be misinterpreted as covering everything. “All Risk” insurances should be examined well and it should be asked whether they cover situations such as war, flood, earthquake. |
| INSURANCE LIQUIDATIONS | Damaged Goods Hunters. Aftermarket companies that specialize in purchasing products that have been damaged in shipment and are considered lost by insurance companies. |
| INSURANCE WITH AVERAGE CLAUSE | If the damage to the insured cargo exceeds 3% or half of the value of the insured goods, this article applies. If the transport vehicle burns, sinks or collides, the entire damage is paid. In marine insurance, the word average refers to partial damage or partial loss. |
| INSURANCE,GENERAL AVERAGE | General Average Insurance. In maritime transportation, deliberately causing damage to a portion of the cargo for the safety of the cargo remaining on the ship. |
| INSURANCE,PARTICULAR AVERAGE | Marine insurance term used for loss of goods insured against perils in personal transport. Partial average can be taken, but for this the loss must exceed a certain percentage. This rate is usually 3%-5% of the value of the cargo. |
| INTEGRATED LOGISTICS | Integrated logistics. It is the system-wide view of the entire supply chain by the management, from raw material supply to the distribution of the finished product. Rather than managing the functions individually, all functions that make up the supply chain as a single entity should be managed. |
| INTEGRATED OPERATOR | Integrated operator. A service that controls the entire movement process from the moment the load is received to the moment it is delivered. It is the idea that tighter programming and total control will lead to a better service. “Integrated Operators” mostly use their own vehicles. |
| INTERCHANGE | Transfer point/station. Transfer of cargo from one carrier to another between lines. |
| INTERCHANGE POINT | The place where cargo is transferred from one carrier to another. |
| INTERCOASTAL | Maritime transport service between two coasts. |
| INTERLINE FREIGHT | Transshipment freight. Freight that travels from origin to destination over two or more transportation lines. |
| INTERMEDIATE POINT | A point located between two transportation routes. |
| INTERMODAL | Movement of cargo containers between different modes of transportation (sea-land-train-air). |
| INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION | Intermodal transport. Use of more than one mode of transport to deliver goods. This movement of trailers-containers by rail plus at least one other mode of transport. |
| INTERPLANT LOGISTICS | In-plant logistics. Refers to mini logistics movements carried out within production and warehouse facilities. |
| INTERSTATE COMMERCE | Interstate Commerce in the U.S. The exchange of goods between buyers and sellers in two or more states. |
| INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION | The Interstate Commerce Commission in the United States is a federal agency charged with enforcing the laws enacted by the U.S. Congress with respect to carriers engaged in interstate commerce. It is directly accountable to Congress. |
| IN-TRANSIT COMMERCE (I.T.) | A document that allows foreign goods arriving at a port to be transported to another port under record. Goods that can replace the original goods at the other port are sent back. |
| INTRASTATE COMMERCE | Intrastate commerce in the United States. All transactions between buyers and sellers are conducted within the state. |
| INVENTORY | Inventory. |
| INVENTORY COST | The financial burden of maintaining inventory. |
| INVENTORY TURNOVER | The rate at which a company turns its inventory over each year for any of its products. It is the most important criterion for the success of companies in inventory management. |
| INVESTMENT RECOVERY | Recovery of investment. |
| INVOICE | 1-Invoice. 2-List showing the number of goods sent to the recipient in maritime, their price, and maritime transaction taxes. |
| INWARD FOREIGN MANIFEST(IFM) | Manifest. Document that specifies all the details about the type and quantity of the cargo. It is the main source of cargo control. It is required in all world ports. |
| IPI | Abbreviation for “Inland Point Intermodal.” The term used by carriers for off-port land points in their loading documents. |
| IRREGULAR | Non-standard, irregular. |
| IRREVOCABLE LETTER OF CREDIT | Irrevocable Letter of Credit. A letter of credit that guarantees payment in the amount specified by the bank, provided that all terms and conditions are met by the person receiving the transfer. This type of letter of credit cannot be invalidated without the mutual consent of the seller and buyer. |
| ISO 9000 | ISO 9000 Standard. A set of quality assurance standards compiled by the International Standards Organization ISO, headquartered in Geneva. |
| ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARTS ORGANIZATION | International Standards Organization. See ISO |
| ISSUING BANK | The buyer’s bank opens the letter of credit. As soon as the necessary documents are delivered, it pays the price of the product to the seller or his bank. |
| ISSUING CARRIER | The carrier who issues the transport documents or prints the tariff. |
| J | |
| JACKET | A wooden or fibre protector placed around cans and bottles. |
| JACOB’S LADDER | A rope ladder hanging from the side of a vehicle used for boarding. |
| JETTISON | It is the name given to the throwing of cargo or equipment (jetsam) overboard when the ship is in danger. |
| JIT | Abbreviation for “Just in Time.” An inventory control method that minimizes storage costs. For the method to be successful, containers must arrive at the storage area exactly on time, neither early nor late. |
| JOINT RATE | The price applied from the first transportation point to the next. This transportation system is the only tariff agreed and approved between the lines. |
| K | |
| KILOGRAM | Kilogram. A unit of weight equal to 1000 grams or 2.2046 pounds. |
| KING PIN | The part that connects the front of the chassis to the tractor. |
| KNOCKED DOWN (KD) | Disassembling the cargo for reassembly to make an economical load. |
| KNOWN LOSS | Known loss. Loss detected before or at the time of delivery. |
| KT | Kilo ton or metric ton. 1000 kilos or 2,204.6 pounds |
| L | |
| L.S&D CHARGES: | Landing.storage and delivery charges |
| L/C | Abbreviation for “Letter of Credit”. Letter of Credit, Letter of Credit. |
| L/C: | Letter of credit (Akreditif) |
| L/T: | Long tonne (Large ton: 1016.047 kg) |
| LADEN | Loaded on board a vehicle or ship. |
| LADING | It refers to the loaded goods and cargo content. |
| LANDBRIDGE | Bridge country transportation. The transportation of a product by sea from a second country to a third country by land or rail. As in the case of a product originating from Asia being transported by land in the USA and then transferred to Europe by sea. |
| LANDED COST | The total cost of a product to the buyer, including transportation costs. |
| LANDING CERTIFICATE | A certificate issued by the consulates of some importing country at the point or place of export for goods subject to customs duty. |
| LANDING GEAR | The part at the front of the chassis that helps keep the trailer balanced when separated from the tractor. |
| LANDİNG CHARGES: | Unloading costs |
| LASH | Abbreviation for “Lighter Aboard Ship.” A ship equipped with a crane for lifting and unloading goods. |
| LCL | Abbreviation for “Less than Container Load”. A container that is loaded in partial loads. It must have more than one loader and/or more than one receiver. |
| LESS THA TRUCKLOAD | See LCL |
| LETTER OF CREDIT (LC) | Letter of credit, letter of credit. Authorization given by a bank on behalf of the buyer importing the goods to pay a certain amount to the seller, provided that certain conditions are met and certain documents are delivered. |
| LETTER OF CREDIT-REVOLVING | Renewable letter of credit. An irrevocable letter of credit of a certain amount renews itself for the same amount at the end of a specified maturity. |
| LETTER OF CREDIT-TRANSFERRABLE | Transferable letter of credit. It is a type of letter of credit in which the beneficiary can request the bank that will make the payment to transfer all or part of the letter of credit to a third party. |
| LETTER OF IMDEMNITY | Letter of indemnity. A document that the shipper sometimes signs and gives to the carrier, even though damage and loss are detected during inspection of the goods, in order to obtain a clean bill of lading. |
| LIGHTENING | In order for a ship to dock at a port, it must discharge some of its cargo and become lighter while anchored. |
| LINE HAUL | Line transportation. Transportation from one city to another, other than local service. |
| LINER | A ship that regularly carries out liner shipping between certain ports. |
| LİNES TERMS: | Regular line conditions |
| LI – FO | Liner In – Free Out (Loading fee is included in the freight. Unloading fee is not included in the freight.) |
| LI – LO | Liner In – Liner Out (Loading and unloading fees are included in the freight.) |
| DELIVERY IN HOLD: | When this condition is included in the contract, the buyer must receive the goods in the ship’s hold and all unloading costs and risks are his responsibility. |
| LLOYD’S REGISTRY | LLOYD Registry. An institution that surveys and classifies ships, thus informing underwriters and other interested parties about the quality and condition of ships available for insurance or use. |
| LOCAL CARGO | Local freight. Freight delivered to the carrier in the local area or from the carrier to the final consignee. |
| LOGISTICS | Logistics. The part of the supply chain that plans, implements and controls the effective and efficient flow and storage of goods, services and related information from production to consumption to ensure customer satisfaction. |
| LONG TON | Big ton.2,204 pounds. |
| LONGSHOREMAN | Docker. A person assigned to load and unload ships in a port. |
| LOOSE | Unpackaged, unpackaged goods. |
| M | |
| M.M.F.B. | Abbreviation for “Middlewest Motor Freight Bureau.” Midwest Freight Bureau in the United States. |
| M/R: | Mate`s receipt (A temporary bill of lading substitute, indicating that the cargo has been taken on board and signed by or on behalf of the second captain) |
| MAIN PORT: | There is the priest |
| MALPRACTICE | Fraud. Illegal low freight rates or discounts given by carriers to attract customers for cargo. In this case, the content of the material valued at the lower tariff is not disclosed. |
| MANDAMUS | A decision from the court to perform special procedures. |
| MANIFEST | Manifest. It is a document showing the list of details prepared by the carrier and his agent. It is the summary details of the total cargo on the ship. It is generally used for customs purposes. |
| MARINE INSURANCE | Marine insurance. It is a contractual insurance type made to cover losses that may arise as a result of marine risk. There are types such as Boat, P&I, Cargo, Cargo, etc. |
| MARITIME | Maritime or commercial work performed at sea or in a port under the authority of a maritime court. |
| MARKING | These are numbers, documents or other symbols placed on cargo packages to facilitate recognition. Also known as marks. |
| MARLINESPIKE | Marked metal bar. Used for tying the shore rope. |
| MASTER INBOND | A program implemented by US Customs under the EDI BILGE system, AMS, that allows electronic reporting of foreign cargo in the United States. |
| MATE’S RECEIPT | (Formerly) A receipt showing that the cargo was received by the first officer against signature. The person who has the receipt has the bill of lading and the right to change it. |
| MBM | 1000 board feet.1 MBM is equal to 2.265 cm. |
| MCFS | Abbreviation for “Master Container Freight Station”. Abbreviation for master container freight station. See CFS. |
| MEASUREMENT | CARGO Cargo charged based on basic volume measurements. |
| MEASUREMENT TON 400 | A unit of volume equal to feet3. |
| MECHANICALLY VENTILATED CONTAINER | Ventilated container. |
| METER | Meter. A unit of length equal to approximately 39.37 inches and 100 cm. |
| METRIC TONE | A unit of weight equal to 2,204.6 pounds or 1000 kg. |
| MICROBRIDGE | It is the transportation provided by the maritime carrier from the point of origin of the cargo to the point where it is loaded and finally unloaded. During this time, the cargo and freight are the responsibility of the carrier. |
| MILE | A statute mile is approximately 1609 m., a nautical mile is approximately 1852 m. |
| MINI LANDBRIDGE | A combined transport system in which the container is transported by sea and then shipped to the previous port by rail or truck. |
| MINIMUM BILL OF LADING | One of the items on the bill of lading. It specifies that the lowest price is applied by the carrier. This pricing may be the current price and the exact quantity for each ton. |
| MINIMUM CHARGE | The lowest price at which goods are valued for transportation. |
| MIXED CONTAINER LOAD | Loading different items into a container in a single load. |
| MLB | Abbreviation for “Mini Landbridge”. See related article. |
| MOMERANDUM BILL OF LADING | Intra-city bill of lading. Copy of bill of lading. |
| MT | Abbreviation for “Metric Ton”. A unit of weight equal to 100 kg. |
| MULTIMODAL | Combined system. After the container is transported by sea, it is shipped to the previous port by rail or truck. |
| MULTITANK CONTAINER | A container containing two or more liquid tanks. |
| N | |
| N.C.I.T.D. | Acronym for “National Committee on International Trade Documentation.” U.S. National Committee on International Trade Documentation. |
| N.M.F.C. | Abbreviation for “National Motor Freight Classification.” National Ground Cargo Classification in the United States. |
| N.O.P. | Not otherwise provided |
| N.P.C.F.B. | Abbreviation for “North Pacific Coast Freight Bureau”.U.S. North Pacific Coast Freight Bureau. |
| NAUTICAL MILE | Nautical mile. A unit of distance at sea equal to approximately 1852 metres. |
| NEC | Abbreviation for “Not Elsewhere Classified.” A bill of lading term meaning “not classified elsewhere.” |
| NEGETIOABLE INSTRUMENTS | Negotiable documents such as checks, promissory notes, bills of exchange or bills of lading. |
| BECAUSE | Abbreviation for “Not Elsewhere Specified.” A bill of lading term meaning “not elsewhere specified.” |
| NESTED | Packaging in a way that saves space and volume, such that one product is completely embedded within another. |
| NET TARE WEIGHT | Net tare weight. The weight of the transport units themselves. |
| NET TONNAGE (NT) | Net tonnage. It is the net weight of the ship as written on its certificate. Some port expenses are calculated based on this weight. |
| NET WEIGHT | Net weight. It is the specific weight of the goods without any packaging. |
| NEUTRAL BODY | An organization established to investigate tax violations and control carrier documents with its own policy in compliance with the decisions of the maritime conference of its members. Violations are reported to the members and significant penalties are imposed. |
| WE | Abbreviation for “Not Otherwise Indexed.” A bill of lading term meaning “not otherwise indexed.” |
| NOIBN | Abbreviation for “Not Otherwise Indexed By Name.” A bill of lading term meaning “not otherwise indexed by name.” |
| NON-DUMPING CERTIFICATE | A document required by some countries to prevent ships and other products from being sold cheaply. |
| NON-VESSEL OPERATING COMMON CARRIER (NVOCC) | Consolidator companies, freight forwarders who use someone else’s ship and issue bills of lading on their own behalf; who sell their shares to exporters from sea carriers. NVOCC issues bills of lading, publishes tariffs and even organizes transportation without carrying out physical transportation. Also known as “Non-Vehicle Operation Common Carrier”. |
| NOR | Abbreviation for “Notice of Readiness.” A letter of readiness. A notification that the ship is ready to load. |
| US | Abbreviation for “Not Otherwise Specified.” A bill of lading term meaning “not otherwise specified.” |
| NOSE | Nose. The front part of a wagon or container. |
| NO-SHOW | Although the cargo has been booked, it does not arrive on time before setting sail and therefore is not loaded. |
| THE | |
| O.E.C.D. | Abbreviation for “Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development”. Headquartered in Paris, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development is an organization formed by the countries with the largest gross national product in the world. |
| O.P.I.C. | Abbreviation for “Overseas Private Investment Corporation.” Overseas Private Investment Organization in the United States. |
| O.W.H.: | Ordinary working hours |
| OCEAN BILL OF LADING (OCEAN B/L) | Sea bill of lading. It is a contract of carriage between the exporter and the carrier. It is proof that the carrier has received the material. If it is negotiable, the bill of lading can be sold, bought or exchanged while the cargo is in transit. |
| ODS | Abbreviation for “Operating Differential Subsidy.” The name given to cash incentives given to transportation companies by the U.S. government. |
| OFFLOAD: | Unloaded load |
| ON BOARD | The statement on the bill of lading indicating that the cargo has been loaded onto the ship. The terms of the letter of credit are specified in the bill of lading when necessary. |
| ON DECK | Statement on a ship’s bill of lading indicating that cargo is loaded onto the open deck. |
| OPEN ACCOUNT | Open account. A commercial agreement indicating that the goods are shipped to a foreign buyer without payment guarantee. |
| OPEN INSURANCE POLICY | Open insurance policy. Insurance covering all shipments to be made by an exporter in a certain period of time in maritime transportation. |
| OPEN RATES: | open tariff |
| OPEN TOP CONTAINER | A type of container that can be loaded and unloaded from the top, with a removable roof hatch or covered with tarpaulin. |
| OPERATING RATIO | Comparison of the carrier’s net sales and expenses. Used to measure operational efficiency. |
| OPTIMUM CUBE | The highest volume achieved in a container load. |
| ORDER-NOTIFY (O/N) | The term bill of lading that expresses the delivery of the goods before they are cleared from customs. It is generally valid for goods with letters of credit. |
| ORFS | Abbreviation for “Origin Rail Freight Station”. Abbreviation for cargo train exit station. The goods’ origin train station. |
| ORIGIN | The place of origin from which the goods begin to be transported. |
| ORIGINAL BILL OF LADING (OBL) | Original bill of lading. Signed document required for completion of carrier contract. The carrier issuing the bill of lading must put the word “original” on the document. |
| OS&D | Abbreviation for “Over, Short or Damaged”. A statement placed on the bill of lading if the goods are found to be “overweight, short or damaged” during loading. |
| OUT GATE | Procedures for container departure from the train or ship port. |
| OVERCHARGE | Charged according to the printed tariff. |
| OVERHEIGHT CARGO | Cargo that is taller than 8 feet and therefore cannot be loaded into a standard container. |
| OWNERCODE (SCAC) | Abbreviation for “Standard Carrier Abbreviation Code”. Identifies the individual common carrier. |
| P | |
| P&I | Abbreviation for “Protection and Indemnity”. P&I insurance is an insurance club established by ship-owning companies because the amount of cargo and environmental damage that may occur may be too large to be covered by reinsurance companies. Except for small-volume local shipments, all international sea shipments require the ship to have P&I insurance. |
| P.M.: | post meridiem (afternoon) |
| P.O.D.: | Cash on delivery |
| PACKING LIST | A list in which the individual units/numbers and marks of the transported goods are specified but their values are not included. |
| victory | Abbreviation for “Please Authorize Delivery Against Guarantee.” Used to instruct the buyer to give instructions to the relevant agent if the original bill of lading is not in hand. |
| PAIRED PORTS | A customs program implemented in the United States. An electronic system that allows cargo to be accepted at any of the two designated customs gates without entry documents. |
| PAPER RAMP | A railway ramp used to equalize two points. |
| PAPER RATE | A transportation fee that remains on paper because it is not applied to any load. |
| PARCEL RECEIPT | The name given to the document given to the cargo owner instead of the bill of lading when a carrier transports small packages for a fee below the minimum bill of lading price, in full compliance with the rules and laws. |
| PARTIAL CONTAINERSHIP | Partial container ship. A ship having both permanent container cells and compartments for partial cargo. |
| PARTIAL SHIPMENTS | Partial loading. |
| PARTICULAR AVERAGE | An insurance-related term. Used in premium calculations. |
| PAYEE | The person to whom payment will be made in a specific negotiable instrument is the payee. In a letter of credit, the payee may be the owner of the check/promissory note or its bank. |
| PD: | Paid |
| FOR SAY | A Latin term for a fixed daily wage. |
| PERILS OF THE SEA | Risks for which the carrier has no legal responsibility in maritime transport. |
| PHYTOSANITARY INSPECTION CERTIFICATE | Plant Health Certificate. A document issued upon the request of a country for a product to be exported to another country, showing that the agricultural product is not harmful to health and does not carry any diseases. |
| PICKUP | Receiving the cargo subject to a load from the shipper’s factory or warehouse by truck. |
| PIER | Pier, wharf. |
| PIER TO PIER | Transport from berth to berth. |
| PIGGY PACKER | Mobile crane for loading/unloading containers onto railway wagons. |
| PIGGYBACK | The name given to the railway transportation with the load in the truck is also called “Rail Pigs”. |
| PLACE OF DELIVERY | Place of delivery. |
| UNDER | Abbreviation for “Port of Discharge” or “Port of Destination”. Port of discharge. |
| POINT OF ORIGIN | Origin. The point where the cargo is received from the loader. |
| POL | 1. Abbreviation for “Port of Loading”. Port of loading. 2. Abbreviation for “Petroleum Oil and Lubrications”. Petroleum and other liquid fuels. |
| POMERENCE ACT | The law governing the circumstances in which a bill of lading may be issued in the United States. |
| PORT OF DISCHARGE (BILL OF LADING) | The place shown as “Port of Discharge” on the bill of lading. |
| PORT OF ENTRY | The customs point where cargo is unloaded and enters the importing country. |
| PORT OF EXIT | The customs point where cargo is loaded and exits the country. |
| CERTIFICATE PRACTICE | Document issued by the health ministry officials of the relevant country or the ministry to lift the temporary quarantine on a ship. It is called “pratika” in maritime jargon. |
| PRE COOLING | A pre-cooling method used for citrus fruits and similar perishable cargo, preventing the cargo from spoiling due to sudden temperature changes. |
| PREPAID (PPD.) | Advance payments made by the shipper before the carrier releases the bill of lading. |
| PRO FORMA INVOICE | Proforma invoice. An invoice sent by a supplier to a buyer, stating all sales terms, type, quantity and value of goods to be shipped. |
| PRO RATE | A Latin term meaning “proportional”. It expresses that especially in shipping, if the allowed day duration in liner and demurrage calculations is exceeded and completed first, the difference in time will be calculated not as a full day but as a ratio of elapsed hours and minutes. |
| PROJECT RATE | The price given for the transportation of various goods belonging to a project at one time. Usually used for construction projects. |
| PUBLISHING AGENT | Person or organization authorized by transportation lines to publish tariffs and prices or regulations and rules. |
| Q | |
| QUARANTINE | Quarantine. An area where entry and exit are subject to permission in order to protect public health. A ship may be quarantined for health reasons and is prevented from setting sail from a certain area. A flag with a capital “Q” is hoisted over the quarantined ship. |
| QUOTA | Quota. The amount of goods that can be imported during a certain period of time. |
| QUOTATION | Quotation. An offer to sell a product at a certain price and under certain conditions. |
| R | |
| RAG TOP | Open container with a tarpaulin top. |
| RAIL DIVISION | The carriage fee paid to the railways by the ocean carrier. |
| RAIL GROUNDING | Unloading the container from the train. |
| RAMP | Railway ramp. A railway terminal where containers are loaded and unloaded. It is called by this name because in the past this process took place on the railway ramp where the wagons approached. Today this process is carried out with cranes and other lifting/unloading vehicles. |
| RAMP TO RAMP | Transport from one railway terminal to another. |
| RAMP YO DOOR | Transport from the ramp to the customer’s desired address. |
| RATE BASIS | The totality of factors included in the formulas during pricing. |
| READ LABEL | Red label that must be attached to flammable, hazardous materials. |
| REASONABLENESS | The principle of reasonableness in the transportation fee. According to the International Chamber of Commerce and legal regulations, the transportation fee should be at a level that will cover the traffic and transportation costs of the carrier and leave a reasonable profit for the carrier. |
| REBATE | Reducing prices below tariffs to a level that would create unfair competition. |
| RECONSIGNMENT | Changing the consignee or destination port on the bill of lading while the goods are in transit. See DIVERSION |
| RECALL | Claiming rights for debts or invoices from guarantors. |
| REFFER | Refrigerated container. |
| RELATED POINTS | Points whose prices are the same for a group of points or are connected to the group. |
| RELAY | Container transportation between transport vehicles with the same owner. |
| REMITTANCE | Money transfer. |
| RESTRICTED ARTICLES | Classified substances that can be transported under certain conditions. |
| REVENUE TON (RT) | Revenue generated per ton of transportation. |
| REVERSE IPI | The container to be transported somewhere in the interior of the United States is left at eastern ports. |
| RFQ | Abbreviation for “Request for quatation.” Request for transfer. |
| RO/RO | Abbreviation for “Roll on/Roll of Vessels”. Ro/Ro transport. A form of transport in which wheeled vehicles can be loaded onto a ship without a crane. |
| ROLL | Rebooking cargo on the next ship. |
| ROLLING | The movement of the ship from broadside to broadside. |
| ROLL-ON/ROLL-OF VESSELS | Bkz.RO/RO. |
| RUNNING GEAR | Supplementary equipment used to move the container. |
| RVNX | Abbreviation for “Released Value Not Exceeding.” Limitation of the value of goods carried. |
| S | |
| SANCTION | Sanction. An embargo imposed by a government against another country. |
| SCAC CODE | Bkz.”Owner Code”. |
| SEA PROTEST | Bkz.Captain Protest. |
| SEA WAYBILL | A sea bill of lading is a document showing that the goods used in the transportation carried out by the company are loaded onto the ship’s board. |
| SEA-BEE VESSEL | Elevator or lift ship. Seagoing vessels with a heavy-duty hydraulic lift or lift installed at the rear section that can be submerged. “See Bee” barges are larger than LASH barges. “Sea-Bee” systems are not used for very long. |
| SEAWORTHINESS | Suitability for voyage, seaworthiness. Suitability of a ship according to its intended use; the suitability of the ship for the envisaged voyage in all respects. |
| BUT | Abbreviation for “Shipper’s Export Declaration.” A carrier’s export declaration issued by the U.S. Department of Commerce. |
| SERVICE | 1-Service, service. 2-A fleet of ships that make a specific voyage and provide service to a specific market. |
| SERVICE CONTRACT | Service contract. A contract made between the carrier/shipper and the carrier. In this contract, the seller undertakes to provide cargo to the carrier for a certain period of time or to pay freight, while the carrier offers assurances such as certain service quality, cargo location and voyage time guarantees, etc. to the sender in return for a certain tariff. The contract also includes sanctions to be applied in case the parties fail to fulfill their obligations. |
| SHEX | Abbreviation for “Sunday and Holidays Excluded.” Excluding Sundays and holidays. |
| SHINC | Abbreviation for “Sunday and Holidays Included.” Sundays and holidays included. |
| SHIP CHANDLER | Ship outfitter. A person or company that sells equipment and supplies for ships. |
| SHIP DEMURRAGE | Ship storage fee. Demurrage/Istapler fee. The fee paid when a cargo ship is delayed beyond a promised time. |
| SHIPMENT | Freight. The entire cargo specified on the bill of lading sent by a sender to a recipient at one time. |
| SHIPPER | Carrier/shipper/consignee. The owner or agent of the goods being transported. |
| SHIPPERS ASSOCIATION | Carriers association or trucking association. A nonprofit association representing the interests of carriers. |
| SHIPPERS INSTRUCTIONS | Carrier instructions. Instructions regarding the transportation, delivery, bill of lading format, etc. of the goods sent by the carrier or its agent to the carrier. |
| SHIPPER’S LETTER OF INSTRUCTION FOR ISSUING AN AIR WAYBIL | Document requesting authorization from the carrier or freight forwarder agent to issue and sign an air waybill on behalf of the carrier. |
| SHIPPER’S LOAD&COUNT (SL&C) | Carrier Loading and Counting. Shipments loaded and approved by the carrier and not checked and approved by the carriers. Loading and counting information is the responsibility of the owner of the goods. |
| SHIPPING ORDER | Carrier’s instruction. The carrier’s order to the carrier regarding the shipment of the goods. It is usually the third copy of the bill of lading. |
| SHIP’S BELL | Bell. A ship’s timekeeper. One bell sounds for every half hour. At 12:30, one bell rings, at 1:00, two bells, at 1:30, three bells, and so on until 4:00, when there are eight bells. At 4:30, the march begins again with one bell. |
| SHIP’S MANIFEST | Ship’s manifest/declaration. A list of cargoes on a particular voyage. |
| SHİPMENT: | Shipment |
| SHORE | To place a post or support across or under something to prevent it from sinking or tilting. |
| SHORT TON | 2000 pounds or 2000 lbs. Also known as the American ton. |
| SHRINK WRAP | Protective packaging. Heat-treated and compressed polyethylene or similar material in an envelope around several units. Protects loads on pallets. |
| SIDE DOOR CONTAINER | Side-closed container. A container equipped with a rear door and at least one side door. |
| SIDE LOADER | Side loader. It is a lifting buffer with a lifting device placed at one corner to lift the container. |
| SIGHT DRAFT | Valuable documents such as checks and promissory notes that can be paid upon application by the addressee/recipient. |
| SKIDS | Skids, planks. Wedges, series parallel skids placed under boxes or made to allow forklifts or other lifting equipment to easily reach packages to lift them higher. |
| SLEEPERS | A loaded container transported by railway whose contents are not included in the reports. |
| SPINE CAR | Special container handling vehicle, stacker. Articulated 5-platform autorail vehicle. Used in places where the height and weight limit of the use of the “Stack car” is limited. |
| SPOTTING | Placing the container in the place where it will be loaded and unloaded. |
| STABILITY | 1-Stability. 2-The force that lifts a ship up or turns it upward when it capsizes. The lowest lifting weight increases stability. A ship is hard at high stability, soft at low stability. |
| STACK CAR | Container handling vehicle, stacker. It is an articulated, 5-platform, autorail vehicle that provides double support for containers. |
| STACKTRAIN | Rail container handling vehicle,staker. |
| STANDART INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION | It is a standard numeric code used by the U.S. government to describe products and services. |
| STANDART INDUSTRIAL TRADE CLASSIFICATION | A standard numerical code developed by the United Nations for classifying goods used in international trade. |
| STARBOARD | Starboard side of the ship. |
| STATUE OF LIMITATION | Limitation period. (Regarding a contract of carriage) The period within which the right to take legal action for claims expires. |
| STC | Abbreviation for “Said to Contain”. Abbreviation for packaging. A note placed on the bill of lading by the carrier for goods declared by the sender to be in the packaging. |
| STCC | Abbreviation for “Standard Transportation Commodity Code”. “Standard Transportation Code” by type of goods. |
| STEAMSHIP CONFERENCE | Ship Operators Conference. A cartel formed by ship operators to set shipping tariffs. |
| STEAMSHIP GUARANTEE | Ship’s guarantee. An indemnity issued to carriers through a bank; protects carriers against any loss or increase in damage resulting from the salvage of goods in a received party. |
| STERN | The back of the ship. Opposite to the head. |
| STEVEDORE | Private companies and their workers who carry out loading and unloading operations in ports. |
| STORE-DOOR PICK-UP DELIVERY | Fast delivery from the warehouse to the end user. The carrier receives the goods from the sender and provides all transportation services to the final consumption point. |
| STRADDLE CARRIER | A large wheeled truck used for container transportation, loading and unloading. |
| STRAIGHT BILL OF LADING | Registered bill of lading. The name given to bills of lading that are not negotiable. A bill of lading that is issued directly to the consignee/on behalf of the consignee and thus cannot be used by other parties. The stamp or writing “Non-Negotiable” can be placed on it. |
| STRIPPING | Unloading cargo from containers. See Devanning |
| STUFFING | Loading the container. |
| STW | Abbreviation for “Said to Weight.” A note placed on a bill of lading by a carrier who has not checked the carrier’s weight declaration. |
| SUBOPEN: | Subject to being open (Provided it is open) |
| SUBROGATE | An insurance term meaning to replace one or the other. For example, in marine insurance, the insurer who pays the compensation acquires the rights of the insurer who pays the money. |
| SUFFERANCE WHARF | Customs pier. The place where goods subject to customs are removed. It is a pier with customer authorization and participation. A pier where customs officials are present and approved by customs officials. |
| SUPPLY CHAIN | Supply chain. The logistics management system covering all activities from raw material supply to manufacturing and production to final consumption is an example of “Just in Time” supply chain management. |
| SURCHARGE | Above the tariff or extra payments. |
| SURCHARGE: | Surcharge (temporarily increased freight charge due to port congestion, etc.) |
| SURTAX | I forgive |
| T | |
| T&E | Abbreviation for “Transportation and Exportation”.Transportation and export.Customs form that controls cargo movements from the entrance to the exit of the port. |
| TAIL | Tail. The rear of a container or trailer. The opposite side from the nose or front. |
| TANKERS | Tankers. Ships equipped with tanks to carry liquid cargo, such as crude oil and petroleum products, chemicals, liquefied gas (LNG, LPG, wine, molasses and similar product tankers. |
| TARE WEIGHT | Tare weight. In wagon or container transportation, the empty weight of the wagon or container. |
| TARIFF | Tariff. Price offers and rules applied by carrier companies. |
| TBN | Abbreviation for “To Be Nominated.” A note placed on a bill of lading when the name or code of the ship or other means of transport is not yet known. |
| TELEX | Telex. It is used to deliver messages to other companies. Fax or the internet has replaced this system in many places. However, in international trade, it is still the only valid written communication method in court. |
| TEMPERATURE RECORDER | Temperature recorder. A device that records the temperature in the container while the cargo is in transit. |
| TENDER | Price quote. Price quote for goods transportation, vehicle parking or container loading and unloading. |
| TENOR | The date and maturity of payment stipulated in the check. |
| TERMINAL | An area allocated for the preparation of containers to be loaded onto ships, trains, trucks or aircraft, or for the immediate stacking of containers to be unloaded from these vehicles. |
| TERMINAL CHARGE | Terminal fee. The price charged by carriers for services in terminal areas. |
| TERMS OF SALE | Sales terms. Cargo sales terms that specify the responsibilities of the buyer and seller in transportation, last determined by the International Chamber of Commerce in 2000. These are EXW, FCA, FAS, CFR, CIF, CPKT, CIP, DAF, DES, DEA, DDU and DDF. |
| not | Abbreviation for “Twenty Foot Equivalent Unit.” A 20-Foot container. |
| THC | Terminal Handling Cost (Stacking and handling charges at the port.) |
| THRU B/L: | Single bill of lading |
| TIME CHARTER | Contract period. Lease contract between the ship owner and the lessee. The duration of the lease contract can be according to years or the voyage made. |
| TIME DRAFT | Check maturity. A check that is due or has exceeded a specified period of time. |
| TIR | Acronym for “Transport International par la Route.” Agreement on International Road Transport. An international road transport agreement between the American and European governments. Allows sealed containers to cross national borders by displaying TIR carnets. |
| TL | Abbreviation for “Trailer Load.” A full truck load. |
| TOFC | Short for “Trailer on Flat Car”. Piggyback transportation. Transport in the form of a trailer on an open freight car. Also known as a “piggyback”. |
| TON_MILE | Tons of cargo carried per mile. Used to compare income and expenses in transportation. The return on 1 ton of cargo carried 1 mile. |
| TONNAGE | Tonnage. A unit of volume equal to 100 cubic feet. |
| TOP AIR DELIVERY | Air circulation type in the container. In the air circulation unit, the air is filtered through the evaporator to the bottom of the container and then delivered through the grooves to the top of the container. This type of flow includes special methods. |
| TOWAGE | Tow ship tariff. The fee tariff applied to towed ships. |
| TRACE: | Investigation into shipments that did not arrive |
| TRACTOR | Tractor, tractor. A road vehicle that pulls one or more trailers. |
| TRADE ACCEPTANCE | Payment term acceptance. The payment time or day term accepted by the buyer. |
| TRAFFIC | Traffic.People or goods carried on a conveyance line. |
| TRAMP LINE | Irregular route. Shipping companies do not use their ships on regular and periodic routes. They direct their ships to wherever there is cargo to be loaded. |
| TRANSPORT | Transportation, transport. The transfer of cargo from one place to another. |
| TRANSPORTATION & EXIT (T&E) | The arrival of foreign goods at a port for transport and their export to another port in the same country without paying customs duties. |
| TRANSSHIP | Transshipment. The transfer of goods from one transport line to another or from one ship to another. |
| TRANSSHIPMENT PORT | A transfer port is a place where cargo is transferred from one carrier to another. |
| TROUGH RATE | Single price. Total price from origin to final destination. |
| TROUGHPUT CHARGE | Container loading/unloading fee. The fee charged for transporting the container to the container yard or ship. |
| TRUST RECEIPT | Transfer of the goods under the bank’s protection to the buyer and removal from its protection. |
| TURNAROUND | Waiting time. In maritime transportation, the time between the ship’s arrival at the port and its departure. |
| TWIST-LOCK | Lock. Four foldable bayonet shaped devices used to secure containers onto a chassis. |
| TWO-WAY PALLET | Double-sided pallet. A pallet designed so that forklifts can grip it from only two sides. |
| IN | |
| U.C.: | Normal conditions |
| U.S.CONSULAR INVOICE | US Consular document. Consular document required for goods imported into the United States. |
| UCP | Abbreviation for “Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits.” The most widely used payment standard for international trade, published by the International Chamber of Commerce. A publication that updates new developments in transportation and banking, such as letters of credit payments. |
| UFC | Abbreviation for “Uniform Freight Classifications.” Transportation standards. |
| ULLAGE | Empty space available when a container is not full. Empty space is the space that cannot be filled with barrels or tanks filled with liquid. |
| UNCLAIMED FREIGHT | Cargo that is not requested, investigated or received by the recipient. |
| UNDERCHARGE | Charging less than the actual amount. |
| UNIT LOAD | Unit load. Packages and loads loaded onto pallets or crates ready for transport. |
| UNIT TRAIN | Approximately 100 wagons with a specified direction or designated for use in case of changes in the route. |
| UNITZATION | Consolidation. Gathering multiple loads, such as pallets, and turning them into a single piece. |
| UNLOADING | To unload. To unload the goods from a ship. |
| V | |
| VALIDATED EXPORT LICENCE | “Export Permit” in the USA. |
| VALIDATION | To approve the bill of lading. To prove and document the accuracy of the bill of lading. |
| IRRIGATION | Stacking of goods into containers. |
| VARIABLE COST | Variable costs. Prices change according to activities performed in a short period of time. For example, prices that include transporting cargo by train or truck within the borders of a country, changes in the costs of work done in some ports and short-term rental of equipment. |
| VENTILATED MANIFEST | Ship manifest. The international carrier must provide information about the crew and the cargo on board at both the port of departure and arrival of the ship. The ship customs declaration includes various details about each shipment, along with the bill of lading number. |
| VESSEL SUPPLIES FOR IMMEDIATE EXPORTATION | A ship that allows goods to be loaded onto ships, planes, etc. from a single port or center, and exported from the same port or center. |
| VIZ | A Latin abbreviation meaning “by name”. It is used to clearly indicate products in customs duties. |
| IN | |
| W/M: | Weight or measurement (Freight calculation based on weight or volume) |
| WAR RISK | (In Insurance) War Risk. Insurance against possible losses in goods in the event of war. |
| WAREHOUSE | Warehouse. The area where cargo is received, consolidated, shipped and stored. |
| WAREHOUSE ENTRY | Warehouse entry document. A document used to identify imported goods placed in the warehouse. Its function is to collect taxes not while the goods are in the warehouse, but when they are taken out of the warehouse for distribution and when they begin to be consumed. |
| WAREHOUSE WITHDRAWAL FOR TRANSPORTATION (WDT) | Transportation of commercial goods in the customs warehouse with new goods arriving from one port to another. |
| WAREHOUSE WITHDRAWAL FOR TRANSPORTATION EXPORTATION | The transportation of goods in a customs warehouse from one port to another for export through the United States without paying taxes. |
| WAREHOUSE WITHDRAWAL FOR TRANSPORTATION IMMADIATE EXPORTATION (WDEX) | Ensuring that goods in the customs warehouse are exported without paying direct taxes. |
| WAREHOUSING | Storage. |
| WAYBILL (WB) | Bill of lading, a document prepared by the shipping line in maritime transportation, showing the starting point of the movement, the destination, the route, the sender of the goods, the recipient, the description of the ships and the amount of fee applied to the transportation service. This document is sent to the agency together or by mail. |
| WEIGHT AND MESUREMENT | Calculation of freight according to weight and volume. Measurement ton; 40 feet3 or 1 m3. Net ton and short ton = 2000 lbs. Grosston/longton = 2,249 lbs. Metric ton, kilo ton = 2204.3 lbs. Cubic meter = 35,314 cubic feet. |
| WODIFIED ATMOSPHERE | Changing the pressure of gas mixtures within the container to normal atmospheric pressure. |
| AND | |
| YARD | Classification, inspection and storage area. |
| YORK ANTWERP RULES OF 1974 | A set of rules, last amended in 1994, regarding the calculation of average in accordance with the provisions of the bill of lading or C/P. These rules have been put into practice by agreement of the parties and do not have any international obligation. |
| WITH | |
| ZULU TIME | Greenwich time setting. |